Young Lady In Eliza Haywoods Fantomina English Literature Essay free essay sample

The actions the immature lady in Eliza Haywoods Fantomina in her desire to happen a sexually and emotionally exciting relationship demonstrates the trouble of relationships between work forces and adult female in the 18 century. My lady such- a-one, as she is referred to by Haywood takes the functions of many different adult females to repeatedly score a adult male named Beauplasir. For the most portion of her new individualities, Fantomina s originative thoughts resemble her increased desire for Beauplasir and her initial wonder becomes reflected upon her demand to alter her individuality in order to recapture Beauplasir s attending. Fantomina enjoys the fact that her camouflages allow her do anything that she wishes, although, she seems to non believe of the thought that a relationship between an upper category adult male and a low category adult female is non really permanent and that her actions will finally do herself the writer of her ain narrative. We will write a custom essay sample on Young Lady In Eliza Haywoods Fantomina English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fantomina is a high quality kept woman in the 18th century and because of her societal place she has many limitations placed upon her. She is non allowed to transport out a conversation of any type with a individual of the opposite sex, nor is she allowed to prosecute them. These behaviours were unacceptable in Fantomina s society ; hence, adult females were supposed to hold chaperones who were to protect them from work forces and besides to do certain adult females behaved suitably. Fantomina s acknowledgment of a familiar face down below the balcony where she is sitting at reawakens her involvement for Beauplasir whom she she has earlier seen, but because of society she has been unable to prosecute him. However, because work forces were different from adult females and had the freedom to make anything they wanted to, Beauplasir is allowed to go forth the balcony and pursue adult females. Fantomina is fascinated by the dawdling between respectable gentlemen and loose adult females of the town. This excited a wonder in her to cognize in what mode these animals were addressed. ( Haywood, 2739- 2740 ) . Although, Fantominas s actions seem knowing her new individuality originates all from wonder in her chase to prolong Beauplasir s involvement. Fed up with her limitations, Fantomina decides to alter her apparels to conceal her existent individuality. It is here where Haywood reveals the limitations on adult females of high societal standing and the determinations of who belongs to what societal place. In this instance, vesture puts Fantomina in a lower societal standing, even more, her new individuality is that of a cocotte. Now as a cocotte, Fantomina is able to prosecute Beauplasir without any limitations as he is unable to acknowledge her new individuality. In readying to her brush with Beauplasir, Fontamina puts on her new individuality and while with Beauplasir she resists him at foremost because she is disquieted about her repute. At this point, Fantomina is concerned about her moral actions, but her desires can make more now because that is what she has been looking for. This of class, confuses Beauplasir because that s what prostitutes are expected to make and in the terminal a prostitute gets paid in return. Fantom ina s first camouflage as a cocotte is all out of wonder, but her imaginativeness was so much talented that she had the power to alter her visual aspect as she pleased. As Fantomina alterations character, she modifies her behaviours to aline with his outlooks. ( Anderson 2005 ) . The quotation mark describes Fantomina s admirable accomplishments in pull stringsing the state of affairs for her ain benefit. As expected, Beauplasir grows tired of Fantomina and this is where she takes on her new individuality to go on to follow him. Now as Celia, a low category adult female she becomes Beauplasir s amah, a new individuality that becomes a spot more of import than the 1 before because of societal position.As her seduction continues she feels that she has become attached to Beauplasir and she ca nt allow travel of him she spends much of her clip coming up with new thoughts to score him. Her actions become a small emotional, but at the same clip she intelligent as she is willing to travel even further to keep her sexual relationship with Beauplasir. It seems that what had started from wonder has now turned into a passion that reflects her deepest emotions. Her consistent ability to execute agencies that she repeatedly creates a infinite in which she may show her emotions. ( Anderson 2005 ) . In a sense, Fantomina feels that she belongs to Beauplasir since he has taken her virginity and she attaches this to the fact that she now struggles to keep her award from being publically exposed. Fantomina s now passion for Beauplasir leads her to travel even further in her seduction effort. This clip, as the widow bloomer she becomes a little more vulnerable and portrays herself as weak. At one point, the widow fakes a sudden swoon and allows Beauplasir to transport her off to bed. This proves that Fantomina is really calculative and her actions are being consistent with the character she assumes to be. In making so, Fantomina believes her different functions are a beginning of power and freedom, but besides her ability to win in her new function taking. Although, the function that she takes on for the most portion is powerless because she additions nil from it, she has rather efficaciously succeeded in doing Beauplasir believe that he has been kiping with different characters. In her last camouflage as Incognita, the important thing they have in common is category and as the brushs continue, it seems that Fantomina s actions are driven by pure lecherousness. Incognita its Fantomina s last effort to score Beauplasir and it finally fails merely as her other camouflages. Despie Beuaplasir being urgently funny to cognize who she truly is he neer shows existent involvement in keeping a relationship with Incognita because in the terminal he has nil to derive from a adult female who demands that her individuality neer be revealed. This culminates with Fantomina s realisation that Beauplasir s existent involvement for her has been to fulfill his ain sexual demands as he neer remained faithful to her for the simple fact that he slept with the same individual believing he had been with four different adult females. Croskery describes that, the heroine of Fantomina experiences one of her deepest minute of internalisation at the precise minute when she becomes wittin g of herself as an object of person else s desire. ( Croskery 2007 ) . Through Beauplasir, the reader realizes that adult females are nil but trophies and playthings that are to be played with. Ultimately, Fantomina s assorted individualities accomplish nil ; they do function to uncover how lubricious Beauplasir is every bit good as Fantomina whether she acted on wonder her existent purposes remain equivocal. Unfortunately, Fantomina s originative camouflages merely satisfy her sexual desires, but neer make a long- lasting relationship with Beauplasir which consequences in her ain treachery. Fantomina s gestation becomes her true narrative in which she has lost everything including her repute. Beginnings Cited Anderson, Emily Horgdson. Performing the passions in Eliza Haywood s Fantomina and Miss Betsy Thoughtless. Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 46.1 ( Spring 2005 ) :1. Literary Resource centre. Web. 1 December 2012. Croskery, Margaret Case. Who is Afraid of Eliza Haywood. Literary Critiscism from 1400- 1800 4.4 ( 2007 ) : 967-980. Literary Resourse Center. Web. 1 December 2012. Eliza, Haywood. Fantomina: or Love in A labyrinth . The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams. 9th erectile dysfunction. Volume C. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. 2739-2758. Print. Potter, Tiffani. The Language of Feminised Sex: Gendered Voice in Eliza Haywood s Love in Excess and Fantomina. Women s Writing 10.1 ( March 2003 ) : 169-18. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 November 2012. Thompson, Helen. Ploting Materialism: Eliza Haywood s Fantomina and Feminine Consistency. Eighteen Century Studies 35.2 ( Winter 2002 ) : 195-20. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 November 2012.

Civil rights paper essays

Civil rights paper essays The civil rights struggle in America has been an ongoing process for many years and continues to go on today. One such man who embodied the civil rights movement was Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King was a man of vision, a man who saw America for what it truly was. King used his vision as his inspiration and he decided to go on a campaign to help further along desegregation and the civil rights process. But Dr. King didnt go about things in a normal way. He had different tactics, and goals, and ideas for what he felt should be going on in America. King made a choice to help desegregate his people not matter what the cost. His vision of what America was and what it should be is what helped shape America to where it is today. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a man of many contributions for his fellow black American people. King had a vision, in which, one day he wanted for all to have equal rights, which everyone is entitled to through birth. This vision led him to become a major American civil rights leader who searched for equality through nonviolent acts of demonstrations and equality in the aspects of social, political, and economical structures. Martin Luther King Jr. was an extraordinary person who wanted blacks to share and have the same civil rights as the white man who oppressed them. He also wanted to place a stop on discrimination. The tactic used by king to accomplish this was the use of non-violent methods and it proved a worthy move. Nonviolence is a powerful and just weapon. It is a weapon unique in history, which cuts without wounding and ennobles the man who wields it (MLK pg 12). The tactic of non-violent action would be the key to Martin Luther King Jrs campaign for civil rights. The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., in his book Why We Cant Wait, quite correctly named the civil rights struggles of the mid-twentieth century the Third American Revolution. Though it is most often attribut...

Biography of Tom Hayden, Activist and Politician

Biography of Tom Hayden, Activist and Politician Tom Hayden (December 11, 1939–October 23, 2016) was an American anti-war activist and the co-founder of Students for a Democratic Society. In later life, he was elected to public office in California. Fast Facts: Tom Hayden Known For: Co-founder of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and a political activist focused on anti-war efforts, civil rights, and progressivism in American politicsOccupation: Activist, author, professor, and politicianBorn: December 11, 1939  in Royal Oak, MichiganDied: October 23, 2016  in Santa Monica, CaliforniaSpouse(s): Casey Cason  (m. 1961–1962), Jane Fonda  (m. 1973–1990), Barbara Williams  (m. 1993–2016)Children: Troy Garity, Liam Jack Diallo Hayden Early Life Hayden was born in Royal Oak, Michigan, to Genevieve and John Hayden. His father, a former Marine of Irish Catholic descent, was an accountant for Chrysler. The Haydens divorced when Thomas was ten, in large part due to John’s violent alcoholic tendencies. Hayden was raised by his mother and grew up attending Catholic elementary school, but he broke with the Church when he grew older. Hayden began his career as the editor of his high school’s newspaper. He then went on to attend the University of Michigan, where he served as the editor of the student newspaper, the Michigan Daily. It was at this time that he became more politically active, eventually co-founding the leftist student group Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). He met his first wife, Sandra Cason, through their shared activism, and the couple married in 1961. Radical Activism Hayden began his larger-scale activism as a Freedom Rider in the South, riding into the segregated South to protest the non-compliance with a Supreme Court ruling that had made segregated buses unconstitutional. As president of the SDS, Hayden drafted their manifesto, the Port Huron Statement, which became an early inspiration for the â€Å"New Left† and young, radical leftist movement in the United States. After divorcing Cason in 1962, Hayden moved to Newark, New Jersey, where he worked from 1964 to 1968 with inner-city residents and witnessed the 1967 â€Å"race riots,† which he attributed to more than just racial conflict. It was in 1965, however, that Hayden began his more visible and controversial activism. Alongside Communist Party USA member Herbert Aptheker and Quaker peace activist Staughton Lynd, Hayden visited North Vietnam, touring villages and factories. He continued his anti-war activities into 1968, when he joined the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam and protested outside the Democratic National Convention. Those protests led to his indictment, along with several of his fellow protestors, on charges of incitement to riot and conspiracy. Their case became known as the â€Å"Chicago Seven† (named after the city where the convention and protests occurred), and although Hayden and other protestors were initially convicted of crossing state lines with the intention to riot, the decision was later reversed, and the government did not retry the case. Following the trial, Hayden continued to make highly visible visits to Vietnam and Cambodia, the latter of which had been drawn into the war under the Nixon administration. Hayden had become involved romantically with actress Jane Fonda, who was also an anti-war protestor and famously took a trip to Hanoi, the North Vietnamese capital, in 1972. The couple married in 1973 and welcomed their son, Troy Garity (given Hayden’s mother’s maiden name for his surname). He also founded the Indochina Peace Campaign, which organized anti-war dissent and fought for amnesty for those who dodged being drafted. Entry into Politics In 1976, Hayden made his first political move when he challenged incumbent Senator John V. Tunney for a California Senate seat. Although he was initially viewed as a fringe candidate, he wound up finishing a strong second in the Democratic primary. In the 1980s, he served in the California state assembly and, in the 1990s, in the state senate. Hayden served on the advisory board of the Progressive Democrats of America, a political organization and grassroots political action committee created to advocate for more progressive policy within the Democratic Party. He also became a strong advocate for animal rights and authored a bill that improved protections for pets and shelter animals. Throughout his career, Hayden taught at the university level at several California universities. For the most part, his courses specialized in social movements, political science, and history of protests. He also authored or edited nearly 20 books. Later Life In 1990, Hayden and Fonda divorced; three years later, he married his third wife, Barbara Williams, a Canadian-American actress. The couple adopted a son, Liam, who was born in 2000. The 2016 election would be the last campaign season he participated in: although he reportedly supported Bernie Sanders early on, he publicly supported Hillary Clinton. However, Hayden did not live to see the results of the election. After a lengthy illness and a stroke, Hayden died on October 23, 2016, in Santa Monica, California. He left behind a large volume of published work, as well as a legacy of pushing for progress, even (and especially) when it went against the â€Å"establishment† thinking. Sources Finnegan, Michael. â€Å"The radical inside the system: Tom Hayden, protester-turned-politician, dies at 76.† The Los Angeles Times, 23 October 2016, https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-tom-hayden-snap-story.html.McFadden, Robert D. â€Å"Tom Hayden, Civil Rights and Antiwar Activist Turned Lawmaker, Dies at 76.† The New York Times, 24 October 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/25/us/tom-hayden-dead.html.Schaffer, Scott. â€Å"Tom Hayden: American Activist and Author.† Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 7 December 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tom-Hayden.

Insurance and risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Insurance and risk management - Essay Example Blue Cross and Blue Shield insurance companies differ in a number of ways, among them being the services that they offer. For instance, Blue Cross insurance specializes in the provision of medical and travel insurance. As a result of the rising cost of hospitalization and medical treatments, Blue Cross insurance, ensures that these uncertainties are covered to safeguarded American citizens. The Blue Cross travel insurance plan takes care of any medical emergency costs to ensure that people do not worry while travelling (Blue Cross Insurance Inc., 2012).. Blue Shield, on the other hand, specializes in the provision of insurance cover for buildings, equipments found both in and outside the building, coverage for company vehicle for staff, company stock as well as commercial liability. These forms of insurance cover are not provided by blue Cross insurance. Basically, Blue Cross Insurance is similar to other types of insurance with regard to the type of contracts. Firstly, just like any other form of insurance, it offers personal contracts (Blue Cross Insurance Inc., 2012). In this regard, it insures person or persons, instead of the property of these persons. This is evident from the travel insurance and its medical covers. Secondly, Blue Cross contracts are unilateral just like other types of insurance. This is evident as it makes an agreement with the insured who is expected to pay some premium, thus forcing it to perform its side of the bargain by indemnifying the insured in case of any lose suffered such those than happen in the course of a journey. Thirdly, it is evident that the contracts provided by Blue cross are conditional just like those of other insurance. This is because, before an individual enters into a contract with Blue Cross, first the insured is required to fulfill certain terms and conditions which the insured mus t perform in the event of a

First Team LLC Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

First Team LLC Business Plan - Essay Example The company remains controlled by the one entrepreneur and a team of support staff (Folsom, 48) Goals of the company Ease supply of goods and materials to customers in a competent and reliable manner Networking with the surrounding suppliers and storage enterprises to facilitate smooth running and operation of the business Build branches in various parts of the country to facilitate growth of the institution Buy more vehicles to ensure that clients always get services they need on time and efficiently Recruit more staff to improve service delivery and facilitate expansion of the business Increase the revenue base yearly Establish efficient communication channels among the parties involved Fixing the correct programmes which can remain achieved conveniently Employing and maintaining highly qualified and trained staff Trying to precisely understand the client’s needs and help them achieve them (Folsom, 49) Company Description Logistics support company located at the outskirts of the capital city will offer transport and logistics organization solutions for enterprise customers within the region of its location and far. Starting with operations form within the city, the company will transport materials from distributors to manufacturers to wholesalers and retailers, acting in conjunction with supply canters, storage enterprises, and wholesalers. The logistics company remains started by two entrepreneurs who before worked like managers of storage enterprises for a reasonable period. The company will function in the logistics and transportation filed with many services. An extra source of income remains the growth of unique services. This can vary from computer arranging systems to supply services. Cross marketing remains arranged to be one of the key methods in this company, because the whole items remain focused to serve the same requirement and can cheaply remain merged. Synergy in marketing an item across company divisions remains probable to push income further higher. A firm concentration of this company will remain placed on the growth of unique and creative techniques for the clients that offer an important value. A wide variation of customized services will remain provided that will aid make use of the institution and worker potential. A core objective of this suggested business technique remains the growth of a unique corporate personality. Such personality will form client loyalty and aid achieve a competitive advantage. The particular choosing of services and requests provided will remain supervised regularly and differ depending on business requirements. This method offers a competitive border against various businesses in the surrounding and remains anticipated to cause an extra demand and the probability for a cost mark-up (Folsom, 52) Market Analysis This is a big industry with stiff competition from various transport and logistics companies in the region and outside the region. However, the company will battle out in th e market with the medium sized institutions of its kind. It will offer general transport and logistics services to its clients at favorable and affordable costs aiming at minimizing cost but making profits as well. Market Segmentation Raw material distributors They transport huge amounts of materials to big producers in the region. These materials wholly

Integrating ICT in Teaching and Learning Mathematics

Integrating ICT in Teaching and Learning Mathematics Investigate and discuss the use of ICT in teaching and learning Mathematics. Explore the use of MAPLE. Illustrate and discuss: 1) Competence with the main features of a range of ICT: ICT in teaching and learning mathematics is a requirement of the National curriculum and computer simulations can now place mathematics in a real life context. [1]There are a number of superior computer-based environments available to support this process. Some of these include dynamic geometry environments, graph-plotting packages, statistics and data holding packages and computer- algebra packages. Graphing calculators can be used to teach the beginning of Algebra. Similarly pocket calculators are convenient and quick to access as well as being relatively inexpensive today and is a useful mathematical tool. With the graphing calculator it is possible to determine that ‘every classroom could be turned into a computer lab and every student could own his or her own inexpensive personal computer with built-in mathematics software’ [2] The researchers Arnold and Aus identified three generations of graphing calculators: scientific calculators with large viewing windows, e.g. The T1-82, those which were more versatile with a range of mathematical functions like the Casio – 98JOG and those with CAS and dynamic geometry like the TI-92. Several discussions can be had around the implementation of calculators in mathematics teaching and learning and the subject continues to spark debate. Although the resolution of a hand held calculator is not comparable with that of a computer screen there is no need to alter the setting of the classroom or have to gain access to a number of computers to use it for learning. With regard to computational skills and mental arithmetic again calculators come up for criticism although there is a definite argument to be had that suggests calculators do not compromise the application of basic mathematical skills, as long as those skills are developed first in a conventional environment u sing pen and paper based calculations. [3] ICT can assist with turning algebraic symbols into graphical representations and vice versa. Using spreadsheets for algebra can encourage the use of letters to be interpreted as symbols and spreadsheet symbols can be used to solve mathematical problems[4]. Spreadsheets can be utilized to introduce students to a range of mathematical ideas and as a more generic mathematical tool. Recent research also provides evidence that young people are beginning to use spreadsheets on their own home computers. [5]Dynamic geometry can be used to teach transformation geometry as it can for establishing properties of circles, functions and graphs. Secondary level curriculum mathematics skills and the application of IT can be linked intrinsically by way of some of the following examples. The pupils ability to develop skills of mathematical modeling through the exploration, interpretation and explanation of data can be enhanced by using the appropriate graphical representations for displaying information from a data-set, by experimenting with forms of equations in producing graphs which are good fits for data plots and using motion sensors to produce distance-time graphs. Software can be applied in the context of learning about shapes, space and links with Algebra which automates geometric constructions, carries out specific geometric transformations and performs operations on co-ordinates or is able to draw loci. Finally by entering a formula in algebraic notation to generate values and match a given set of numbers, this can support the Secondary level skill to explore, describe and explain patterns and relationships in sequences and tables of numbers. [6] There are many reasons why mathematics teachers are reluctant to integrate ICT into teaching in the classroom. Many of the computer-based environments are complicated and teachers need to learn themselves how to use these tools effectively for doing mathematics. Although newly qualifying teachers have to pass a basic ICT test as part of their training, it is still difficult for teachers to know where to start, particularly some of the older generation of mathematics teachers. In the practical sense access to computers is not always possible for the benefit of every child being able to learn at the same time and sub-groups and individuals may have to be established in order to take it in turns to use a single computer in the classroom which can be time consuming and logistically difficult. However computers and calculators can be considered to provide six major opportunities for students learning mathematics: Learning from feedback – the computer can provide fast and reliable feedback which is non-judgmental and impartial. This can build students confidence and help them construct their own ideas. Observing patterns – The speed of computers and calculators enables students to provide many examples when exploring mathematical problems. Seeing connections – The computer enables formulae, tables and numbers and graphs to be linked easily. The result of seeing one representation and changes in the other helps pupils to understand the connections between them Working with dynamic images – Students can use computers to manipulate diagrams and encourages them to visualise the geometry. Exploring data – Computers enable students to work with real data which can be represented in a variety of ways. This supports its interpretation and analysis. ‘Teaching’ the computer – When students design an algorithm to make a computer achieve a specific task, they are urged to express their commands literally and in a correct order.[7] 2) Demonstrate the ability to explore maths and solve maths problems using MAPLE in-depth. MAPLE can be defined as a fundamental computer algebra software package which uses simple commands to perform complex operations and enables like by like analysis similar to using a pen and paper. It also allows pupils to focus on the underlying mathematical principles. [8] In Darlene Wu’s Understanding of Calculus she uses a number of experiments to determine the benefits of MAPLE on a series of students. She adheres to the notion that most traditional algebraic features can be delegated to a computer. In particular using MAPLE most problems can be resolved and believe this should be riled out for the benefit of all students studying mathematics. The problem below was assigned to a group of students in a research environment: Graph f(x) = ln(sin(x)*cos(x)) and g(x) = ln(sin(x)) + ln(cos(x)). What is the relationship between the graphs? Does it contradict the property ln(x*y) = ln(x) + ln(y)? By using the graphs of these two functions together with the graphs of sin(x) and cos(x), the students investigated the properties of sin, cos, and ln and show their answers in writing. Students used Maple to draw the two graphs easily, but they looked entirely different. This led the researchers to wander whether this contradicted ln(x*y) = ln(x) + ln(y)? And if so how would students explain it? The experiment needed to be repeated several times, recalling the definitions and properties of ln, sin and cos and concluded that the students assumed the two graphs looked different, whereas they are identical as long as ln(sin(x)cos(x)) and ln(sin(x))+ln(cos(x)) are defined. Wu’s paper concludes that it is necessary to train students to use mathematical methods effectively not just for the purposes of their job but for ‘the real world’ and that software programmes that help in this process are fundamental to their learning. However as a number of contradictions and problems emerged with equations through using MAPLE not only does Wu concede that students may become confused and panic if they cannot attribute the Mathematics problem to themselves or the Mathematics problem itself. She also notes that when teaching calculus it is important to consider whether such technology is still too overwhelming as well as students becoming dependent on its solutions, rather than working them out traditionally. [9] In comparison to this notion another paper with MAPLE as its core area of study is Fitz-Gerald and Healey’s Enlightening the mathematics curriculum with MAPLE. This discusses the implementation of MAPLE to the undergraduate Mathematics curriculum in a large University in Australia. The overall consensus was that in applying MAPLE, traditional topics that were once unpopular with students were now being approached in a much more understanding and enthusiastic way. This experiment demonstrates the advantages of being able to encourage Mathematics by way of helpful software across new audiences who might not have been inspired previously to study in this area.[10] 3. Identify the ways in which a particular ICT Software or graphics calculator can be used within a learning environment and the advantages/disadvantages of each in enabling effective maths learning. In Horton et al’s The graphing calculator as an aid to teaching algebra the paper points out that calculators have become popular in the classroom for the benefit of convenience and speed. What the researchers also determined was that tutorials on the Casio FX2.0 and FX 2.0 PLUS models actually improved manipulative skills. Students beginning a college algebra course following the tutorial scored significantly higher on a test which involved solving linear equations and in addition made suggestions for the tutorial also contributing to an improvement in attitudes.[11] It is interesting to consider their benefits for something other than the obvious assumptions to be made about graphics calculators. In absolute contrast to all perceived theories Graphic Calculators In The Classroom: Students’ Viewpoints presents the results of a piece of research carried out amongst low achieving eleventh grade pupils in Portugal. This revealed that little improvement was gained from introducing graphic calculators to mathematics lessons as the pupils considered the impact of their teacher; their teaching style and personality to be of more educational value to them than the calculator, which improved very little in terms of their academic improvement where mathematics was concerned.[12] Another perhaps more important everyday negative aspect of graphic calculators is their inclusion of games and other non-educative devises such as phonebooks and personal organizers which can detract pupils away from the learning process in the classroom. In addition, the potential for students to store information and consequently cheat during examinations when they are allowed to take calculators in with them in a test environment. The other argument when weighing up some of the differences between hand-held devices and computer programmes is that a calculator can accompany a student into an examination, whereas a computer cannot. They are flexible and user- friendly as well as being able to be powered by solar energy which is of course far more beneficial to the environment. Another advantage is the diminishing cost of calculators. They can be easily purchased anywhere at a relatively small price in comparison with a computer which ‘It has been suggested recently render(s) the use of graphics calculators much more attractive to schools than computers’[13] Interestingly in his research Spreadsheets, graphics calculators and  mathematics education, Barry Kisane provides a suggestion for combining programmes into graphics calculators in order to maximize their potential, thus making them less of a calculator and more of a computer. And notes that ‘The inclusion of these essential  features on graphics calculators seems to extend the range of influence of the  spreadsheet as a useful device for mathematics education in secondary schools, and is deserving of attention to exploit it appropriately’.[14] Essentially perhaps the way forward with graphics calculators is to then modify and technologically enhance them further so that they can take on many of the characteristics of the computer whilst not having the capacity to store information that might prove potentially incriminating to a student in the examination room. Bibliography Bishop, A.J, Clements, M.A (2003) Second International Handbook of Mathematics Education: Springer Cowan, P (2006) Teaching Mathematics: A Handbook for Primary and Secondary School Teachers: Routledge Da Ponte Canavarro (1993) Graphic Calculators In The Classroom: Students’ Viewpoints: Centro de Investigaà §Ãƒ £o em Educaà §Ãƒ £o da Faculdade de Cià ªncias Fitz-Gerald Healey Enlightening the mathematics curriculum with MAPLE, Essay taken from Maple V: Mathematics and Its Application : Proceedings of the Maple Summer Workshop and Symposium, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, August 9-13, 1994By Robert J. Lopez: Birkhà ¤user Horton, R. M., Storm, J., Leonard, W.H. (2004). The graphing calculator as an aid to teaching algebra, Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 4(2), 152 -162. Johnston-Wilder, S, Pimm, D (2005) Teaching Secondary Mathematics with ICT: McGraw-Hill International Kemp, M, Kissane, B Bradley, J (1995) ‘Assessment and the graphics calculator’ in Anne Richards (ed.) FLAIR: Forging links and integrating resources, Darwin, The Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers, 235-241. (Also available at http://wwwstaff.murdoch.edu.au/~kissane/papers/aamt95.pdf Kissane, B (2007) Spreadsheets, graphics calculators and  mathematics education, In K. Milton, H. Reeves T. Spencer (eds) Mathematics: Essential for learning, essential for life. 21st Biennial Conference of the Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers (pp 331-339), Hobart: Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers. Rielly, C (2004) The Application of Computer Algebra Software in the Teaching of  Engineering Mathematics, Higher Education Academy Sutherland, R (2004) Teaching for Learning Mathematics: McGraw-Hill International Wu, D, Some Examples on Using Maple to Increase Students. Understanding  of Calculus, Sourced from: http://archives.math.utk.edu/ICTCM/VOL08/C052/paper.pdf, Date accessed, Footnotes [1] Cowan,P (2006) Teaching Mathematics: A Handbook for Primary and Secondary School Teachers: Routledge [2] Bishop,A.J, Clements,M.A (2003) Second International Handbook of Mathematics Education: Springer [3] Bishop,A.J, Clements,M.A (2003) Second International Handbook of Mathematics Education: Springer [4] Sutherland,R (2004) Teaching for Learning Mathematics: McGraw-Hill International [5] Sutherland,R (2004) Teaching for Learning Mathematics: McGraw-Hill International [6]Cowan,P (2006) Teaching Mathematics: A Handbook for Primary and Secondary School Teachers: Routledge [7] Johnston-Wilder, S, Pimm,D (2005) Teaching Secondary Mathematics with ICT: McGraw-Hill International [8] Rielly,C (2004) The Application of Computer Algebra Software in the Teaching of  Engineering Mathematics, Higher Education Academy [9] (Sourced from: http://archives.math.utk.edu/ICTCM/VOL08/C052/paper.pdf, Date accessed, 30/11/08 [10] Fitz-Gerald Healey Enlightening the mathematics curriculum with MAPLE, Essay taken from Maple V: Mathematics and Its Application : Proceedings of the Maple Summer Workshop and Symposium, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, August 9-13, 1994By Robert J. Lopez: Birkhà ¤user [11] Horton, R. M., Storm, J., Leonard, W.H. (2004). The graphing calculator as an aid to teaching algebra, Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 4(2), 152 -162. [12] Da Ponte Canavarro (1993) Graphic Calculators In The Classroom: Students’ Viewpoints: Centro de Investigaà §Ãƒ £o em Educaà §Ãƒ £o da Faculdade de Cià ªncias [13] Kemp, M, Kissane,B Bradley,J (1995) ‘Assessment and the graphics calculator’ in Anne  Richards (ed.) FLAIR: Forging links and integrating resources, Darwin, The Australian Association of  Mathematics Teachers, 235-241.  (Also available at http://wwwstaff.murdoch.edu.au/~kissane/papers/aamt95.pdf [14] Kissane,B (2007) Spreadsheets, graphics calculators and  mathematics education, In K. Milton, H. Reeves T. Spencer (eds) Mathematics: Essential for learning, essential for life. 21st Biennial Conference of the Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers (pp 331-339), Hobart: Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers.

Gender Stereotyping in TV Commercials Essay

Stereotyping is basically relating a certain behavior or actions to a certain sector of the society or a certain group of people. It dictates how a person or a group is supposed act or respond in front of the society. It tells what behavior by a particular group is acceptable to the society. Such labels or tags are put by us humans itself. Gender stereotyping is when we relate certain manners or conduct to men and women. For example, men are the bread earners of the house and women are home makers. Such stereotypes are created by the society and the general behavior portrayed by them. Today gender stereotyping is extensively used in television commercials. This is mainly done to attract viewers to buy their product. Female stereotypes are mostly used in TV advertisements. Women are usually portrayed as sex objects in commercials. They are portrayed as â€Å"decoratives† in various promotional strategies. They are shown as desirable women to attract the male crowd. They are used more in those commercials which advertise products used by men. For example axe, addiction, etc. They are also shown with minimal clothing. Women are also portrayed as housewives only. In advertisements like Saffola oil, Maggi, Everest masala, etc. t is always the woman who is cooking, etc. Women are shown as people with lower status than men. They are the ones who are washing dishes and clothes in ads like Vim and Surf Excel respectively. Most successful women portrayed on television are always shown as fair and young women. Duskier women are very rarely shown in ads. Fair & Lovely ads are a great example. They demonstrate that any and every woman can become fair after using their product. The end result is shown as them turning fair and becoming successful or popular. They stereotype that women must always be fair and pretty to be successful. Male stereotypes are less used as compared to female stereotypes. They are usually portrayed as more successful and powerful. Men are usually well dressed in TV commercials. They are shown to have more poise and status in the society. Mostly only handsome and good looking men are used to sell products to women. Men are stereotyped to be the ones to lead the society ahead with their charm and personality and success. It has been tried to avoid such stereotyping by a lot of advertisers but at the end of the day the viewers get attracted to such advertisements only. Companies generate more revenue but such advertisements.